Anticoagulant activity, antibacterial activity and toxicity effect of selected plant in Asteracea family

Abstract

Traditional herbal medicine is used for maintain the health of people since ancient time. Herbal medicinal related drugs are safe and have fewer side effects. Due to that reason the usage of herbal medicine is popular in all around the world. Medicinal plants play major role in various types of medicinal activities (Ramya et al., 2009). Among those treatments medicinal plants have the wound healing activity and anticoagulation activity. Plants have the ability of management and treatment of wounds due to its antibacterial activity (Ukwueze et al., 2013). Various types of plant have the ability of anticoagulation and such plants claimed in the traditional system still remain to be scientifically investigated (Narjis, 2013). Among such medicinal plants Emilia sonchifolia, Ageratum conyzoides and Mikania micrantha have various medicinal activities. At the same time Emilia sonchifolia, Ageratum conyzoides and Mikania micrantha show some toxicity effect. Due to that reason it is necessary to identify toxic effect of these plants. Zebrafish eggs are used in toxicological and pharmacological activities due to its small size of fish and transparency of eggs and embryos. Changes in the morphology of development of zebrafish embryos can easily observed. Due to that reason zebrafish eggs is used as a toxicological model to test toxic effect of these three plants (Rahman et al., 2012).

The aim of this research is to formulate and evaluate the antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus which is one of the major wound infective pathogen, anticoagulation activity and toxicity effect of these three plants.

Methodology

Plants were collected from university premises with the consideration of environmental conditions. Powdered plant materials were extracted with methanol, using Soxhlet apparatus at a controlled temperature. The extracts were concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure using rotary vacuum evaporator at 40°C. Various concentration of extract solution were prepared using stock solutions.

Agar well diffusion method was used to test antibacterial activity. MIC was determined for extracts lowest concentration that showed more than or equal 7 mm diameter growth inhibition zone. Prothrombin Test (PT) was used measure coagulation time for test anticoagulation activity. Zebrasfish eggs were used as toxicological model for test toxic activity of three plants.

Results and Discussion

Highest amount of plant extract were showed by leaves part of each plant while roots were given lowest amount of plant extracts.